THE VOICE OF REASON
Solon, (born c. 630 BCE—died c. 560 BCE), Athenian statesman, known as one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece (the others were Chilon of Sparta, Thales of Miletus, Bias of Priene, Cleobulus of Lindos, Pittacus of Mytilene, and Periander of Corinth). Solon ended exclusive aristocratic control of the government, substituted a system of control by the wealthy, and introduced a new and more humane law code. He was also a noted poet.
In traditional Jewish law, there is a widely known compilation of 36 transgressions that carry the punishment of karet (divine excision or being "cut off" from the Jewish people). For the full, original text and rabbinic debates regarding these, you can explore the Sefaria Mishnah Keritot 1:1.
These 36 sins are generally divided into four main categories: forbidden sexual relationships (which make up almost half the list), idolatry, violations of religious festivals/Temple laws, and dietary transgressions.
The 36 Transgressions (Mishnah Keritot 1:1)
Forbidden Sexual Relations and Incest
Mother
Father’s wife (stepmother)
Father-in-law's daughter-in-law (son's wife)
Male homosexual intercourse
Bestiality (for both the man and the woman)
Wife and her daughter
Wife and her son’s daughter
Wife and her daughter’s daughter
Married woman
Sister from the same mother
Father’s wife’s sister
Mother’s sister
Brother’s wife
Father’s brother’s wife
A woman during her menstrual period (niddah)
Wikipedia
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Idolatry and Defiance
Blaspheming the Name of God
Practicing idolatry (worshiping foreign gods)
Giving one’s children to the idol Molech
Necromancy or channeling spirits (ov and yidoni)
Desecrating the Sabbath
Sefaria
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Temple and Sacrificial Law
An unqualified, ritually impure person eating sacrificial meat
An unqualified, ritually impure person entering the Temple
Slaughtering or offering a sacrifice outside of the designated Tabernacle/Temple grounds
Eating certain forbidden fats (helev)
Consuming blood
Eating sacrificial meat after its permitted time has expired (notar)
Eating disqualified sacrificial meat (pigul)
Unauthorized compounding of the holy anointing oil
Unauthorized compounding of the Temple incense
Anointing a person with the holy anointing oil for non-sacred purposes
Encyclopedia.com
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Dietary and Holiday Laws
Eating leavened bread (chametz) during the week of Passover
Eating food on the fast day of Yom Kippur
Performing forbidden work on Yom Kippur
Mi Yodeya
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The Relationship Between Karet and the Death Penalty
While the Torah specifies these 36 transgressions incur karet (divine excision), early rabbinic courts (Beit Din) often connected these with judicial capital punishment. In ancient Israel, if a person committed these high-handed sins intentionally, in front of at least two valid witnesses, and after receiving prior warning (hatra'ah), the earthly court carried out the physical death penalty. If the sin was committed accidentally, the offender was instead obligated to bring a specific sin-offering (a korban chatat) to the Temple.
The Ir nidachat (Hebrew: עיר × ×™×“×—×ª; the "city led astray") is a biblical command on idolatry in Deuteronomy 13:13-19. If the inhabitants of an Israelite city become idolaters, they and their livestock must be slaughtered and the city be burnt to the ground, never to be rebuilt.
