9:00 Chris Howard does not seem to understand that under SK, belief is optional ie neither forbidden nor compulsory.
SK would not forbid praying ie personal interaction with a Higher Power.
11:00 Prayer concentrates the mind if nothing else.
12:00 The reason for my agnosticism
13:00 Atheists are always wishing for things ie praying.
14:00 "God if you exist ... "
15:00 Our relationship with God
16:00 Stoicism
18:00 Fighting for our principles
19:00 Rules and boundaries
21:00 People are afraid of being understood.
22:00 Organised religion and the afterlife
23:00 Papal Conclave forever
24:00 Decisive moral action
25:00 Teacher: "What did I just say?"
26:00 Steel man and straw man
27:00 It is the mark of an educated man to be able to entertain an idea without accepting it.
Morality
28:00 Holding our rulers to account without knowing the rules is impossible.
29:00 George Washington farewell speech
30:00 Mandatory, Advisory, Discretionary
31:00 Monarchy v Republic
32:00 William Tyndale
34:00 Marginal notes
35:00 Constantine the Great
36:00 Church to "congregation"
37:00 Priest to "elder/senior", charity to "love", penance to "repentance"
Baptist
39:00 Baptists not Protestants?
40:00 Northern and Southern Baptists and the American Civil War
41:00 Jefferson Bible
The confirmation ceremony did not start as a separate event; it originated in the early Church (1st to 3rd centuries) as part of a single, unified rite of Christian initiation (Baptism, anointing/laying on of hands, and the Eucharist) performed together for adult converts. [1, 2]
Catholic Church
- Unified Beginning (1st–4th Century): In the early centuries, baptism, the laying on of hands (the root of confirmation), and first communion were given all at once during the Easter Vigil by the bishop. [1, 2]
- Separation (5th–6th Century): As Christianity spread to rural areas and infant baptism became common, local bishops could no longer attend every baptism. To preserve the bishop’s role in completing initiation, the anointing and laying on of hands were delayed and became a separate ceremony. [1]
- Term and Codification: The term confirmatio appeared by the mid-5th century (used by figures like Leo the Great and Faustus of Riez), and it evolved through the Middle Ages into a distinct sacrament of the Latin (Roman Catholic) Church. [1, 2, 3]
Anglican Church (Church of England)
- Reformation Continuity and Adaptation (16th Century): The Anglican Church inherited the practice from the Western Catholic tradition. During the English Reformation, Anglicanism demoted confirmation from its status as a strict gospel sacrament (classifying it instead as a "lesser" or pastoral rite), while retaining the historic order of bishops and the laying on of hands. [1, 2, 3]
- Evolution: The Church of England established its own distinct liturgical framework for confirmation in the early Book of Common Prayer, transforming it into a moment for baptized individuals (often adolescents) to publicly confirm their baptismal vows after catechism. [1, 2, 3]
48:00 None of Chris's children baptised.
53:00 Catholicism in America
54:00 Rhode Island
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